BERLIN — Like soldiers falling into step, governments across Europe offered up a series of sweeping bailout plans for their banking systems yesterday, pushing past $2 trillion the amount of taxpayer money that has been pledged to shore up the continent's financial sector.

Markets responded positively to the news, with stock exchanges gaining back some of the ground lost in last week's selling binge. The bourses in Paris and Frankfurt both closed up more than 11 percent, while London's index climbed more than 8 percent.

The rescue packages announced by the leaders of Germany, France and other European nations combine massive infusions of capital with guarantees for short-term loans. The rolling wave of bailout announcements was the continent's first coordinated response to the global financial crisis after days of squabbling and dizzying drops in global markets.

"The time of going it alone is, fortunately, over," French President Nicolas Sarkozy declared. Although the proposed bailouts are not guaranteed of success in restoring investor confidence, "the highest risk in our times would be not to dare," Sarkozy said.

The rescue packages of France and Germany, continental Europe's two largest economies, alone exceed $1 trillion, far more than the $700 billion package approved by the United States nearly two weeks ago.

Sarkozy said that France would make available as much as $490 billion in state funds to keep the country's banks afloat, including $54 billion for capital injections.

In Berlin, German Chancellor Angela Merkel proposed a $653 billion bailout package — the largest emergency program in Germany's post-World War II history and more than 1 1/2 times the government's entire 2008 budget. Under the plan, likely to be passed by Parliament later this week, $109 billion would be earmarked for recapitalizing the banks, and the remainder would take the form of loan guarantees.

Germany's financial system has been paralyzed by a lack of liquidity for some banks and an unwillingness by others to lend the money they do have, for fear of not being paid back.

"The measures we have taken have one objective: They shall help build new confidence," Merkel said "Confidence between the banks, confidence in the economy, confidence of citizens. Confidence is the currency that is valid."

She added that the bailout's price did not mean that the government necessarily would end up spending that much; it was possible, she said, that not all the funds for loan guarantees actually would be used. The same applies in other countries.

In addition to France and Germany, the Netherlands proposed a $272 billion rescue plan and Austria offered a similar package worth $116 billion. Spain set aside as much as $136 billion to guarantee debt issued by banks this year, and Portugal pledged about $27 billion in guarantees.

"United Europe has pledged more than the U.S.," Sarkozy told reporters after an emergency Cabinet meeting.

The bailouts were rolled out a day after leaders of the 15 countries that use the euro currency announced a common game plan to attack the financial crisis at an emergency summit in Paris. In effect, the rescue packages partially nationalize banks across the region in a collective act of state intervention on an unprecedented scale.

Although not a member of the so-called "eurozone," Britain also attended Sunday's summit, in recognition not just of the size of its economy but also for having pioneered the bailout path its neighbors followed yesterday.

Earlier yesterday, Britain identified the first banks to receive handouts from the $87 billion it has earmarked for recapitalization, out of an overall $435 billion rescue package unveiled last week.