SAO PAULO, Brazil — U.S. Education Secretary Margaret Spellings looks more like a college recruiter this week, traveling through South America with American university leaders to woo international students spooked by lengthy visa delays linked to post-9/11 security.

"American higher education is open for business to students from our neighbors," Spellings said in Santiago, Chile, before meeting Tuesday with students and university rectors.

The number of foreign students in U.S. universities is rebounding from a drop caused by extra visa security precautions following the Sept. 11 attacks. But the number of visas granted to students seeking to study for a year or more is still down.

Only 5,881 F-1 student visas were handed out in Brazil in 2006, the latest year for which figures are available, down from 12,325 in 2001, according to the U.S. Embassy in Brasilia.

And competition for students is growing fast from nations like Australia, Canada and the United Kingdom. Even South Africa is in the race to attract South America's best and brightest.

American universities depend on foreign students for teaching and research help, and policymakers want future foreign leaders to be familiar with the United States. Foreign students also provide billions of dollars annually to the U.S. economy.

"If they got rid of the visa difficulties, I think most Brazilian students would choose the United States," said Leticia Amorim, a 22-year-old business administration major who will head to the United States soon.

But she says many of her friends are still concerned about U.S. visa requirements, and some are worried that they might not be well-received. She said the U.S. visa process is still viewed as cumbersome and is the main reason "why people are going to other countries."

Education experts say American officials have speeded up visa approval in recent years, and Spellings insisted that the trend of falling enrollment has been reversed.

"We have started to regain ground that had been lost after Sept. 11," she said in Chile.

But Australia, Canada, France and the United Kingdom have launched intense marketing campaigns to attract students from Latin America, where improving economic conditions have swelled college enrollments and demand for study abroad.

Renee Zicman, who heads international cooperation efforts at Sao Paulo's Catholic University, said Australia doubled its share of Brazilian students in just two or three years. An annual event to attract students to South African universities now draws heavy interest.

"We've just had a boom in the market, and these countries have calendars of events seeking out students in Brazil," she said.

The U.S. Education Department said the number of student and exchange program visas hit an all-time high of 591,050 in 2006. But the number of F-1 student visas for study in the United States for a year or more was 273,870 in 2006, below the high of 293,357 in 2001.

Officials have made similar recent trips to Asia. Accompanying Spellings this week are university presidents and chancellors from California, Florida, Iowa, Louisiana, Maryland, Missouri and Oklahoma.

"It's true that the U.K., Canada and Australia are aggressively marketing and increasing their percentages of international students, but they don't have the capacity to take the millions the United States can take," said Peggy Blumenthal, executive vice president of the New York-based Institute of International Education.

She added: "The problem is getting the word out to the people that the situation has changed, and making them believe it."

Associated Press Writer Eduardo Gallardo contributed from Santiago.